Azacitidine-Induced Pneumonitis in a Patient With Acute Myeloid Leukemia and Hyperleukocytosis

Abstract

Chemotherapy-related toxicity is a complex aspect of oncologic care. Pulmonary toxicity, in particular, poses a significant challenge, as it can have diverse presentations and can closely mimic other common complications of cancer treatment, such as infections. Azacitidine is an agent widely employed in high-risk myelodysplastic syndrome and acute myeloid leukemia. We present a case of azacitidine-induced pneumonitis, a rare adverse effect, in a 70-year-old patient with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and hyperleukocytosis. After discontinuation of the drug and introduction of steroids, the patient had complete resolution of symptoms, highlighting the importance of identifying and addressing chemotherapy-induced pneumonitis.