Exploring the Adaptability of the Charge Transport Layers for Enhanced Efficiency in Lead-Free CH₃NH₃SnI₃ Perovskite Solar Cells

Abstract

Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have attracted a lot of interest due to their remarkable energy transformation productivity (PCE) and the possibility of their application in both organic and inorganic compounds. Perfect for sustainable solar technologies, methylammoniumtin iodide (CH3NH3) is a lead-free, non-hazardous perovskite displaying amazing optoelectronic properties. Its t unable bandgap helps to absorb solar energy efficiently. Its cost and great efficiency render it a perfect photovoltaic material. To improve essential characteristics of the hole transport layer (HTL), absorption area, and electron transport layer (ETL), this work models CH3NH3SnI3-based PSCs using SCAPS-1D soft ware. Simulat ions have been used to invest igate the utility of CH₃NH₃SnI₃-based PSCs using Cu2O as the HTL and including WS2, C60, IGZO, and ZnO as ETL compounds. Moreover, the effects on essential performance criteria like power fill factor (FF), conversion efficiency (PCE), open-circuit voltage (Voc), and short-circuit current density (Jsc) of thickness, defect levels, absorber, HTL, and ETL have been investigated. The results show how much changing the ETL improves device efficiency. With PCE values of 33.43%, 33.19%, 33.19%, and 33.23%, respectively, ETLs consisting of WS2, C60, IGZO, and ZnO have been shown. Furthermore, this work investigated the effect of temperature on PSC performance. These results demonstrate quant um efficiency (QE) and the current density-voltage (J-V) responses.