Drug treatment for opioid dependence

Abstract

The number of Australians dependent on heroin is increasing. This is resulting in more deaths and disease. Treatment of heroin dependency usually begins with detoxification, followed by maintenance treatment. Some patients become abstinent. While non-drug therapy has a role there is more evidence to support the use of pharmacotherapy for drug dependence. Methadone is a cost-effective maintenance treatment. Other options include buprenorphine and naltrexone, but further evaluation of these treatments is needed in Australian practice.