Improvement of technology and machines for growing potatoes in agriculture

Abstract

The article proposes the improvement of the technology and complex of small-sized machines for growing potatoes in Russia, where most of 80 % are cultivated by private farms and farmers with low crop cultivation in low-contour, clogged areas, with non-rotation, rare update of tubers, obsolete equipment and multioperation technology. Multiple mechanical tillages before planting and afterwards compact and spray the soil, which is undesirable for the soil condition, the need arises for one-time preparation of the field with a combined mounted tillage unit in one technological pass as deep cultivation and harrowing. Also, little use is made of combining several operations in one technological pass as comb formation, fertilizing, dressing and planting tubers with comb sealing. The care of potato plants is especially important in the initial period of vegetation before budding, since at this time the formation of the future crop and the need for the next few mechanical and chemical treatments occur, which leads to costs, spraying and compaction of the soil. Therefore, the creation of a mounted combined cultivator-sprayer that allows loosening the ridges and treating weeds, pests and diseases during the beginning and end of the growing season is enough for a favorable increase in potato productivity. The purpose of the study is to improve the technology of cultivating potatoes in small areas by creating combined and modernized small-sized agricultural machines and implements. The research tasks, ways of their solution and results are set.