Lipin1 is a key factor for the maturation and maintenance of adipocytes in the regulatory network with CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein α and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ2

Abstract

Lipin1 expression was induced at a late stage of differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes and maintained at high levels in mature adipocytes. Knockdown of expression of lipin1 by small interfering RNA in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes almost completely inhibited differentiation into adipocytes, whereas overexpression of lipin1 accelerated adipocyte differentiation, demonstrating that lipin1 is required for adipocyte differentiation. In mature adipocytes, transfection of lipin1-small interfering RNA decreased the expression of adipocyte functional genes, indicating the involvement of lipin1 in the maintenance of adipocyte function. Lipin1 increases the transcription-activating function of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ2 (PPARγ2) via direct physical interaction, whereas lipin1 did not affect the function of other adipocyte-related transcription factors such as C/EBPα, liver X-activated receptor α, or sterol regulatory element binding protein 1c. In mature adipocytes, lipin1 was specifically recruited to the PPARγ-response elements of the phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase gene, an adipocyte-specific gene. C/EBPα up-regulates lipin1 transcription by directly binding to the lipin1 promoter. Based on the existence of a positive feedback loop between C/EBPα and PPARγ2, we propose that lipin1 functions as an amplifier of the network between these factors, resulting in the maintenance of high levels of the specific gene expression that are required for adipogenesis and mature adipocyte functions. © 2008 by The American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Inc.