Functionalised polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane with encapsulated fluoride-first observation of fluxional Si⋯F interactions in POSS

Abstract

The synthesis of a styryl functionalised POSS incorporating an encapsulated fluoride ion within a (SiO1.5)8 cage (T8-F) is reported. It was characterised by single crystal XRD, MALDI-MS, FTIR, solution (29Si, 19F, 13C, 1H) and solid state (29Si, 19F) NMR. In the absence of 1H decoupling, the 29Si solution NMR spectrum exhibited a triplet of doublets. In contrast, 1H, 19F and 1H/19F double-decoupling resulted in two, three and one signal, respectively, being consistent with a single Si site whose 29Si NMR signal is modulated by both the proximal aromatic-ring protons and fluoride. The associated Si⋯F coupling constant (2.5 Hz) is substantially lower than expected for a covalent Si-F bond and arises from a fluxional Si⋯F covalent effect in which the F- interacts equivalently with all eight Si atoms. Additional variable temperature NMR studies demonstrated a threshold at -5 °C below which no Si⋯F interactions are observed, and above which an increasing Si⋯F covalent character occurs.