Salivary inflammatory mediators and metalloproteinase 3 in patients with chronic severe periodontitis before and after periodontal phase I therapy

Abstract

Background : The role of IL-1β, PGE 2 and MMP-3 in the pathogenesis of periodontal disease is well researched. This study aimed to asses and compared the salivary IL-1β, PGE 2 and MMP-3 levels in patients with untreated chronic severe periodontitis and those treated with periodontal phase I therapy and periodontally healthy individuals as controls, in relationship to the presence of salivary anti-β 1 IgA. Methods : A total of 30 subjects participate in the study: 15 subjects had chronic severe periodontitis and 15 were healthy individuals used as a control. After saliva collection and its purification, we quantify by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) procedure using as coating antigen a synthetic β 1 peptide with an amino acid sequence identical to the second extracellular loop of the human β 1 adrenoceptor (β 1 AR), the presence of anti β 1 AR antibody (IgA) in the saliva of patients and healthy individuals. Also, IL-1β, PGE 2 , nitrites and metalloproteinase 3 (MMP-3) were assessed using ELISA) assay. Results : Our data indicated that IL-1β, PGE 2 , nitrites and MMP-3 levels are elevated in the saliva of patients with untreated chronic severe periodontitis and were significantly higher than in healthy subjects. Also, the amounts of anti- β 1 IgA in the saliva was significantly higher compared with that of healthy individuals. After periodontal phase I therapy these levels of inflammatory biomarkers are significantly reduced but the titres of the antibody did not change, suggesting a close association between salivary IL- 1β, PGE 2 , nitrites and MMP-3 and periodontitis without any changes in the levels of anti β 1 IgA. Conclusions : These results suggest that the abnormal amount of these cytokines and enzymes in saliva has potential monitoring applications as a risk marker of the disease progression but the raised levels of anti β 1 IgA present in the saliva of chronic severe periodontitis patient, are not directly associated with the course of the disease. Additional studies are needed to validate this assumption.