Prognostic significance of circulating tumor microemboli in patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma

Abstract

The significance of circulating tumor microemboli (CTMs) in patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is still unknown. Thus, the present study used a epithelial cellular adhesion molecule independent subtraction and immunostaining-fluorescence in situ hybridization (SET-iFISH) platform to enumerate circulating tumor cells (CTCs) and CTMs in a total of 86 peripheral blood samples from 19 patients with PDAC. The associations between CTCs and CTMs with clinicopathologic factors and prognoses were analyzed. Prior to treatment, CTCs were detected in all 19 patients, and CTMs were detected in 4 patients with different tumor-node-metastasis (TNM) stages. A total of 85 of the 86 peripheral blood samples had cytokeratin 18-negative CTCs. The number of CTCs and CTMs were significantly associated with tumor size and vascular invasion. Patients with CTMs had poorer overall survival and disease-free survival when compared with those without CTMs (7.3 vs. 25.40 months, P=0.001; and 1.80 vs. 18.97 months, P=0.037). The presence of CTMs in the peripheral blood prior to surgery was predictive of poor prognosis in PDAC patients. CTMs could be detected in patients of different TNM stage (II, III and IV). Surgery did not benefit patients with CTMs, thus, surgeons should take greater consideration when assessing the requirements for surgery in patients with CTMs.