An Alternative Test Method for Determining Hardened Air Void Parameters for Concrete Pavement

Abstract

This research has developed an alternative test method for determining hardened air void parameters that follows ASTM C457 Procedure C, but does not require image analysis software or the required training and skills to develop or use one. Instead, the alternative technique uses a sophisticated microscope that has on-board counting and measuring capabilities, that are easy to use and easy to repeat. The technique was developed and tested on concrete mixtures with four target air void percentages (control at 2%, low at 3 – 5%, medium at 5 – 7%, and high at >8%) and compared to ASTM C457 Procedure A and B. The concrete produced was a conventional pavement mixture, which was a straight cement mixture with a target 3” slump. The results show that the alternative technique is not only just as accurate as the other methods, but it reduces the analysis time, human judgment calls, and the development and maintenance of a sophisticated image analysis program, which are all typical issues with any of the three procedures described in ASTM C457. Additionally, the alternative technique produces all hardened air void parameters that ASTM C457 provides. This study also demonstrates new potential issues that could result in erroneous hardened air void results when following ASTM C457. Lastly, this study provides a detailed description of the equipment necessary to produce the alternative method including a very detailed list of steps required to obtained the hardened air void parameters.