Impact of metabolic syndrome on subclinical atherosclerosis in asymptomatic individuals

Abstract

Background: Little is known about subclinical atherosclerosis on coronary computed tomographic angiography (CCTA) in asymptomatic individuals with metabolic syndrome (MetS). Methods and Results: We analyzed 5,213 asymptomatic individuals who underwent CCTA. A cardiac event was defined as a composite of all-cause death, myocardial infarction, unstable angina, or coronary revascularization. Of the study participants, 2,042 (39.2%) had MetS. MetS was an independent predictor of significant coronary artery disease (CAD) in at least 1 coronary artery (odds ratio [OR]=1.992, 95% confidence interval [CI]=1.623–2.445, P<0.001) and significant CAD in the left main (LM) or proximal left anterior descending (LAD) artery (OR=2.151, 95% CI=1.523–3.037, P<0.001). During the follow-up period (median 28.1 [interquartile range, 19.2–36.5] months), 111 individuals had 114 cardiac events. Individuals with MetS were significantly associated with more cardiac events than those without (RR [rate ratio]=1.67, 95% CI=1.15–2.43, P=0.007). In the MetS group, individuals with significant CAD had the majority of cardiac events (RR=64.33, 95% CI=29.17–141.88, P<0.001). Furthermore, in the MetS with significant CAD group, those with significant CAD in the LM or proximal LAD had more cardiac events (RR=2.63, 95% CI=1.51–4.59, P=0.001). Conclusions: MetS was associated with subclinical atherosclerosis on CCTA with subsequent high risk for cardiac events. These findings suggest the importance of reducing unfavorable metabolic conditions in asymptomatic individuals.