The production of fall armyworm bioinsecticide from Durian mesocarpium waste using ultrasonic-assisted extraction method

Abstract

Indonesia as an agricultural country certainly has problems regarding pest attacks and organic waste. One pests that are spread throughout Indonesia is Spodoptera frugiperda which only appeared in March 2019. Organic waste becoming a big problem because of the amount meet 60% of Indonesia's total waste. One of the many organic wastes found in Indonesia is durian whose peel is estimated to produce around 556,360 tons of waste per year. Durian contains essential oils, flavonoids, saponins, alkaloids, triterpenoids, and tannins that are toxic to pests. The bioactive compound of durian peel is extracted using Ultrasonic-Assisted Extraction (UAE) method which is a maceration using ultrasonic wave with variations of ethanol solvent concentration. The extraction process is carried out at 40°C, 53 kHz, and 20 minutes. The variation of the solvent affects the extract's yield and mortality percentage of Fall Armyworm. The highest yield is generated by aquadest solvent with 87.05±1.56%. Efficacy test is conducted to all extracts and it proofs that the durian peel extracts have the ability as a bioinsecticide with highest mortality percentage by 27% for 30% ethanol solvent. GC-MS test was carried out for the best extract and Cholecalciferol was obtained as the highest potential compound as pesticide with a peak area of 23.68%. Identified compounds were tested by molecular docking with acetylcholinesterase as insecticidal receptors and the highest docking value of -6.8 kcal/mol was obtained for n- Hexadecanoic Acid and 1-Octadecene compounds. The highest interaction similarity with control ligand was owned by 1- Octadecene with 80% similarity.