Three-Dimensional Bi-Enriched Bi2O3/Bi2MoO6 Z-Scheme Heterojunction: Augmented Photocatalytic Phenol Degradation

Abstract

A three-dimensional Bi-enriched Bi2O3/Bi2MoO6 Z-scheme heterojunction photocatalyst was successfully synthesized via a facile one-step hydrothermal method for efficient phenol degradation under visible light. Structural and morphological characterizations (SEM, TEM, and XRD) confirmed the formation of a nanoflower-like architecture with a high specific surface area of 81.27 m2/g. Optical and electrochemical analyses revealed efficient charge separation and extended visible-light response. Under visible-light irradiation (λ > 420 nm), this heterojunction (Bi2O3:Bi2MoO6 = 3:7) demonstrated exceptional performance, degrading 97.06% of phenol (30 mg/L) within 60 min. XPS analysis confirmed the Z-scheme charge transfer mechanism: Photogenerated electrons in the conduction band of Bi2O3 (−0.59 eV) facilitated the generation of ·O2− radicals, while holes in the valence band of Bi2MoO6 (2.44 eV) predominantly produced ·OH radicals. This synergistic effect resulted in highly efficient mineralization and degradation of phenol.