Cellulose Nanofiber-Coated Perfluoropentane Droplets: Fabrication and Biocompatibility Study

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Abstract

Purpose: To study the effect of cellulose nanofiber (CNF)-shelled perfluoropentane (PFP) droplets on the cell viability of 4T1 breast cancer cells with or without the addition of non-encapsulated paclitaxel. Methods: The CNF-shelled PFP droplets were produced by mixing a CNF suspension and PFP using a homogenizer. The volume size distribution and concentration of CNF-shelled PFP droplets were estimated from images taken with an optical microscope and analyzed using Fiji software and an in-house Matlab script. The thermal stability was qualitatively assessed by comparing the size distribution and concentration of CNF-shelled PFP droplets at room temperature (~22°) and 37°C. The cell viability of 4T1 cells was measured using a 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2yl]-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Additionally, a hemolysis assay was performed to assess blood compatibility of CNF-shelled PFP droplets. Results: The droplet diameter and concentration of CNF-shelled PFP droplets decreased after 48 hours at both room temperature and 37°C. In addition, the decrease in concentration was more significant at 37°C, from 3.50 ± 0.64×106 droplets/mL to 1.94 ± 0.10×106 droplets/mL, than at room temperature, from 3.65 ± 0.29×106 droplets/mL to 2.56 ± 0.22×106 droplets/mL. The 4T1 cell viability decreased with increased exposure time and concentration of paclitaxel, but it was not affected by the presence of CNF-shelled PFP droplets. No hemolysis was observed at any concentration of CNF-shelled PFP droplets. Conclusion: CNF-shelled PFP droplets have the potential to be applied as drug carriers in ultrasound-mediated therapy.

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Loskutova, K., Torras, M., Zhao, Y., Svagan, A. J., & Grishenkov, D. (2023). Cellulose Nanofiber-Coated Perfluoropentane Droplets: Fabrication and Biocompatibility Study. International Journal of Nanomedicine, 18, 1835–1847. https://doi.org/10.2147/IJN.S397626

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