Comparative Analysis of Machine Learning Algorithms With Advanced Feature Extraction for ECG Signal Classification

Abstract

Electrocardiogram is a heartbeat signal that can be used for the application of Human-computer interaction. Electrocardiography (ECG) is a prominent way to analyze heart rate and to diagnose cardiovascular disease. However, its availability has been restricted, especially in contexts with limited resources, due to the cost associated with conventional ECG signal processing equipment. The importance of ECG signal processing classification for improving early diagnoses in clinical and remote monitoring contexts is highlighted here. The dataset considered for this work is MIT-BIH arrhythmia which has 15 categories and summarized in 5 classes Normal (N), Superventricular ectopic beats (SVEB), Ventricular ectopic beat (VEB), Fusion beats (F), and Unknown beats (Q). The work discusses the importance of automated classification techniques that make it possible to analyze vast amounts of ECG data effectively and objectively. This research presents an investigation into the classification of ECG signals using various Machine Learning (ML) methods. Specifically, the performance of Decision Tree (DT), Logistic Regression (LR), Random Forest (RF), K Nearest Neighbor (KNN), and Support Vector Machine (SVM) algorithms are examined. Among these classifiers, RF exhibits a remarkable accuracy of 98%. The results demonstrate the superior performance of the proposed approach for heartbeat classification systems.