Two mechanisms of action of the adamantane derivative IEM-1460 at human AMPA-type glutamate receptors

Abstract

Antagonizing glutamatergic neurotransmission by blockade of AMPA-type glutamate receptors (GluR) is a promising pharmacological strategy for neuroprotection in neurodegenerative diseases and acute treatment of stroke. We investigated the interaction of the adamantane derivative IEM-1460 with human wild-type and mutant AMPA-type GluR channels. Different recombinant homooligomeric human AMPA-type GluR channels and a rat nondesensitizing mutant GluR (GluR2 L504Y) channel were expressed in HEK293 cells and investigated using the patch-clamp technique in combination with ultrafast agonist application. When IEM-1460 was coapplied with glutamate, an open channel block mechanism was observed at slow desensitizing GluR2 flip (≥ 0.1 mM IEM-1460) and nondesensitizing GluR2 L504Y channels (≥ 1 μM IEM-1460). A competitive block of AMPA-type channels was observed with IC 50 values for the dose block curves of 0.1 mM IEM-1460 at human unmutated and 10 μM IEM-1460 at mutant GluR channels. Nondesensitizing GluR2 L504Y channels were used to further characterize the block mechanism. After equilibration with the agonist, a current decay upon coapplication of glutamate and IEM-1460 was observed. The recovery from block was independent of the glutamate and IEM-1460 concentration. The extent of current inhibition as well as the time constant of current decay upon addition of the blocker to the test solution were dependent on agonist concentration; this strongly points to an additional competitive-like block mechanism of IEM-1460 at human AMPA-type GluR channels. The data were interpreted in the frame of a molecular scheme with two binding sites of IEM-1460 at the receptor, one at the unliganded resting and the other at the fully liganded open state of the channels. © 2005 Nature Publishing Group. All rights reserved.