Susceptibility of bacteria isolated from dental unit waterlines to disinfecting chemical agents

Abstract

Susceptibility testing of bacteria to disinfecting chemical agents isolated from dental unit waterlines (DUWL) is necessary for the development of effective disinfectant products. However, until now, susceptibility tests for chemical agents, which are components of DUWL disinfectant products, have not been conducted on bacteria isolated from DUWL water. The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the susceptibilities of DUWL isolates in planktonic and biofilm states to cetylpyridinium chloride, as well as to the four chemical agents currently used for DUWL management. A total of 56 isolates, including 12 genera, were identified by 16S rDNA sequencing, and one strain of each genus was selected for susceptibility testing. A total of 12 isolates were used for the susceptibility tests. We determined the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) for the planktonic state and the minimum biofilm inhibitory concentration (MBIC) and minimum biofilm eradication concentration (MBEC) for the biofilm state using microtiter plates. MIC, MBC, MBIC, and MBEC of the 12 isolates for ethanol were the highest, followed by sodium hypochlorite, hydrogen peroxide, and chlorhexidine. Similar to chlorhexidine, the lowest MIC, MBC, MBIC, and MBEC were found in cetylpyridinium chloride. The susceptibilities of the isolates for sodium hypochlorite and ethanol were similar in the planktonic and biofilm states. For hydrogen peroxide and chlorhexidine, the MBIC and MIC were similar, but MBEC was 256 times higher than MBC. The MBIC and MBEC of isolates for cetylpyridinium chloride were 128 and 256 times higher than the MIC and MBC, respectively. As far as we know, this was the first study reporting the susceptibility of DUWL isolates to cetylpyridinium chloride and chemical agents used for disinfecting DUWLs. Cetylpyridinium chloride, for which the DUWL isolates showed the highest susceptibility, could be used for disinfecting DUWLs.