Combating Measles in Nigeria: Epidemiological Trends, Drivers, Barriers and Public Health Interventions

Abstract

Measles remains a significant public health challenge in Nigeria, contributing to substantial morbidity and mortality among children despite the availability of effective vaccines. This narrative review aims to synthesize current literature on the epidemiological trends, drivers, barriers, and public health interventions related to measles control in Nigeria. A comprehensive search was conducted across Google Scholar, Scopus, and PubMed for articles published between 2008 and 2024. The search strategy utilized keywords such as “measles,” “Nigeria,” “epidemiology,” “vaccination,” and “public health interventions.” Articles were selected based on predetermined inclusion and exclusion criteria, focusing on studies that specifically addressed measles and its control measures in Nigeria. The review highlights fluctuating measles incidence with periodic outbreaks exacerbated by low immunization coverage, population displacement, and rapid urbanization. Suboptimal vaccination rates for both the first (MCV1) and second (MCV2) doses leave many children vulnerable. Barriers to effective control include misinformation, vaccine hesitancy, insecurity in conflict-affected regions, and logistical challenges in vaccine distribution. Public health interventions, including enhanced immunization campaigns, community engagement, and integrated health services, are essential for improving vaccination coverage and combating measles. Achieving effective measles control in Nigeria requires sustained commitment, adequate funding, and international collaboration to ensure the health and well-being of Nigerian children.