Study of risk factors associated with childhood pneumonia in children admitted in tertiary care hospital

Abstract

Background: Childhood pneumonia remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality in children under five, especially in resource-limited settings like India. This study analysed risk factors influencing pneumonia outcomes among 200 children aged 1 month to 5 years, admitted to a tertiary care hospital from July 2023 to July 2024. Methods: A total of 200 children aged 1 month to 5 years, admitted with clinical symptoms of pneumonia, were enrolled. Comprehensive demographic and clinical data were collected for each patient. This included a detailed history of symptoms, immunization status, nutritional status, and maternal education levels. Collected data were analysed using standard statistical methods. Results: Key findings identified incomplete immunization, malnutrition, indoor air pollution, and low maternal education as significant contributors to disease severity and prolonged hospital stays. Fully vaccinated children had better outcomes, while malnutrition and indoor pollution were associated with severe disease and delayed recovery. Conclusions: Targeted interventions to improve vaccination coverage, nutrition, and maternal education, along with reducing indoor pollution, are essential to alleviate the burden of childhood pneumonia and improve child health outcomes.