ORAI1 defect in a patient with disseminated CMV infection and severe hypotonia

Abstract

Background. A clinical presentation similar to severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) with defective T cell activation but normal lymphocyte development occurs due to certain molecule defects including ORAI1-and STIM1. Case. A four-month-old girl sufferd from fever, restlessness, diarrhea, and poor weight gain following the neonatal period. There was consanguinity and a positive family history. She had hypotonia and spontaneous opisthotonic posture. Refractory and extensive CMV infections were detected; immunological investigations revealed normal quantitative immunoglobulins and low numbers of CD3+, CD4+, and CD8+ cells. The next generation sequencing analysis revealed a mutation in the ORAI1 gene. Conclusions. The present patient’s history of refractory and widespread CMV infections shows a clinically substantial reduction in resistance against opportunistic microorganisms. This case emphasizes the importance of considering STIM1 and ORAI1 defects in patients with SCID phenotype and neurologic involvement, such as hypotonia.