Successful treatment of nephrotic syndrome due to pregnancy-related crescentic IgA nephropathy: a case report

Abstract

Background: Crescentic immunoglobulin A (IgA) nephropathy, defined as > 50% of the glomeruli with crescents, often has a poor renal prognosis. Because of the high prevalence of pre-eclampsia in the second trimester of pregnancy, we often fail to investigate the new onset of glomerulonephritis and the aggravation of subclinical nephropathies. We report a case of nephrotic syndrome suggestive of crescentic IgA nephropathy possibly triggered by pregnancy. Case presentation: A 33-year-old multipara was referred for persistent proteinuria, hematuria, and hypoalbuminemia two months postpartum. The patient was diagnosed with proteinuria for the first time at 36 weeks of gestation. The patient was normotensive during pregnancy. Renal biopsy revealed crescentic IgA nephropathy, with cellular crescents in 80% of the glomeruli and no global sclerosis. After treatment with pulse steroids followed by high-dose oral glucocorticoids and tonsillectomy, a gradual improvement was seen in proteinuria, hematuria, and hypoalbuminemia. Conclusion: Although the precise mechanism remains unclear, pregnancy possibly triggered the new onset of crescentic IgA nephropathy or the aggravation of subclinical IgA nephropathy.