DIY or institutionalised: Does it matter when it comes to belonging in BMX?

Abstract

Participation in lifestyle sports like BMX offers alternative avenues for people of all ages and abilities to experience belonging, self-expression and resilience – particularly in contrast to the performance-focused structures of institutionalised sport. This study investigates how different forms of BMX participation – racing, freestyle, and trail building – relate to riders’ experiences of individual and social wellbeing. Drawing on survey data from over 240 Australian riders aged 15 and above, we analyse patterns of resilience using the Adolescent Resilience Questionnaire (ARQ) alongside self-reported demographic and participation characteristics. Freestyle and trail-building participants were more likely to report feelings of autonomy, connection, and social contribution than those involved in structured racing formats. These findings suggest that informal, DIY-oriented participation in BMX may play a valuable role in promoting psychosocial wellbeing and belonging. The study contributes to growing recognition of lifestyle sports as legitimate and meaningful contexts for youth development.