A Comprehensive Review of Wireless Power Transfer Techniques for Electric Vehicle Charging

Abstract

Wireless charging systems for electric vehicles (EVs) have emerged as a key enabler for sustainable transportation, offering enhanced convenience, safety, and system integration compared to traditional plug-in charging methods. This paper presents a comprehensive review of wireless power transfer (WPT) technologies, highlighting their operating principles, system architecture, and recent advancements in both static and dynamic charging applications. Various WPT techniques, including inductive, capacitive, magnetic gear, and resonant inductive methods, are analyzed with respect to frequency range, efficiency, electromagnetic interference, and suitability for electric vehicle wireless charging systems (EVWCS). Emphasis is placed on compensation topologies such as series–series (SS), series–parallel (SP), parallel–parallel (PP), and hybrid LCC/LCL networks, which are instrumental in mitigating power fluctuations and improving efficiency under coil misalignment conditions. Moreover, control strategies—ranging from proportional–integral and passivity-based approaches to model predictive and sliding-mode control—are reviewed for their role in enhancing system stability and dynamic response. The integration of artificial intelligence, edge computing, and dual-side control architectures is also discussed as a pathway toward adaptive and intelligent power management in dynamic wireless charging systems (DWCS). Finally, the paper examines environmental, economic, and grid-integration considerations, concluding that the continued evolution of hybrid compensation networks and intelligent control algorithms will pave the way for efficient, scalable, and autonomous wireless charging infrastructure for next-generation EVs.