At the Root of the Repair Debate: Outcomes After Elective Aortic Root Replacements for Aortic Insufficiency With Aneurysm

Abstract

Background There is growing interest in aortic valve-sparing and valve repair operations, but the ideal operation and timing of intervention in these generally younger patients undergoing operations for aortic insufficiency (AI) and dilated ascending aorta remains controversial. Methods Root replacements at a single institution from 2002 to 2014 were reviewed. Inclusion criteria were age younger than 70 and presence of moderate or greater aortic insufficiency (AI), with or without aortic aneurysm. Of 1,425 root replacements, 220 patients were considered in the final analysis. Results Moderate AI was present in 87 patients and severe AI in 133 patients. The 30-day mortality was 0% in moderate AI patients and 2% (n = 3) in severe AI patients (p = 0.3). Freedom from reoperation was 95% at 10 years. Severe preoperative AI was associated with worse long-term survival compared with moderate AI (hazard ratio, 2.6; p = 0.04). Patients undergoing root replacement with moderate AI had similar survival compared with the age- and gender-matched United States population (log-rank p = 0.93), whereas patients with severe AI had significantly worse survival (log-rank p = 0.02). Other multivariable predictors of decreased long-term survival were age (hazard ratio, 1.1; p = 0.01) and preoperative renal failure (hazard ratio, 6.9; p < 0.01). Conclusions Elective root replacement operations in patients younger than 70 are associated with low rates of mortality and reoperation, which should be considered the benchmark operation for aortic valve-sparing or repair operations in similar patients. Worse survival was associated with severe AI and older age, suggesting earlier intervention may be an appropriate therapeutic strategy in selected patients.