Development and testing of a detection method for liquid chromatography based on aerosol charging

Abstract

Aerosol-based detection methods for HPLC in which HPLC effluent is converted to an aerosol and detected optically have been employed in the past. This paper describes a new aerosol-based detection method for HPLC, which we name aerosol charge detection. This detection method also involves generation of an aerosol but with aerosol detection by charging aerosol particles and measuring the current from the charged particle flux. A commercial electrical aerosol size analyzer was used for the aerosol detection. The constructed detector was tested using flow injection analysis with water as the mobile phase, and the signal response was found to be linear for sodium sulfate over the concentration ranges of 0.2-100 μg mL-1 using one of the nebulizers. Minimum mass and concentration detection limits using the more efficient nebulizer were estimated to be 0.2 ng and 10 ng mL-1, respectively. Behavior for most of the other compounds tested was similar with some differences in sensitivity. Testing the detector using reversed phase HPLC for glucose gave a range of linear response and detection limits that were similar to the flow injection analysis studies. Under most HPLC conditions, the noise will primarily be a function of solvent impurities; however, the electrical aerosol size analyzer allows the removal of small charged particles to improve the signal-to-noise ratio.