3D Macroporous Frame Based Microbattery With Ultrahigh Capacity, Energy Density, and Integrability

Abstract

In-plane microbatteries (MBs) with features of facile integration, mass customization, and especially superior electrochemical performance are urgently required for self-powered microelectronic devices. In this work, a facile manufacturing process is employed to fabricate Zn–MnO2 MB with a 3D macroporous microelectrode. Benefiting from the high electron/ion transport path of 3D macroporous microelectrode and high mass-loading of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-manganese dioxide (PEDOT-MnO2) film, the MB achieves an ultrahigh capacity of 0.78 mAh cm−2 and an outstanding areal energy density of 1.02 mWh cm−2. Moreover, 3D macroporous PEDOT-MnO2 hybrid film is achieved by one-step electrodeposition, which effectively improves the cycling performance without reducing areal capacity or hindering the ion diffusion. Notably, the MB can stably drive an electronic timer for ≈400 min or be integrated and operated on the surface of a digital hygro-thermometer. The MBs are capable of operating stably in the high rotation speed and vibration condition, such as applied on the surface of an axial-flow fan. Moreover, the MB can integrate by stacking the substrate-free microelectrodes and achieving outstanding energy density of 3.87 mWh cm−2. Therefore, the PEDOT-MnO2//Zn MB has good prospects as a next-generation component applied in self-powered microelectronic devices.