Peran kalsium sebagai prevensi terjadinya hipoplasia enamel (The role of calcium on enamel hypoplasia prevention)

Abstract

Background: Fluoride is a trace element found in many natural and commonly consumed by humans in the form of fluoride salts such as Sodium Fluoride (NaF). The impacts that are most often caused by the intake of fluoride is a damage of enamel tooth/enamel hypoplasi or fluorosis. The manifestations of these effects are defects in teeth with whitish colour, brown to black colour effected on the aesthetic. So that the prevention of fluorosis is required. Purpose: The aim of this study was to analyze the effect of calcium as prevention against tooth enamel fluorosis in Wistar rats caused by exposure to fluoride through indicators of Amelogenin, Calbindin-28kDa protein expression, the matrix of tooth enamel density and distance between ameloblast cell. Methods: This was an experimental studies, post-test only control group design. This study used three groups of rats. Group 1 (Control) was induced by sterile destilled water, group 2 (treatment 1) was induced by fluoride and group 3 (treatment 2) was induced by combination of fluoride and calcium. Each induction was done through sonde for 28 days. results: The results showed that the induction of fluoride causes the increased expression of Amelogenin protein; decreased expression of Calbindin-28kDa protein; a decrease in the density of the enamel matrix and widen the distance between cells ameloblast, while the result of the combination induced by fluoride and calcium showed increased protein expression of Calbindin-28kDa and increased density of the enamel matrix. Conclusion: Calcium can be used as an alternative preventive against the occurrence of enamel hypoplasia due to exposure of fluoride in Wistar rats.