Colemanite Attenuates Metaflumizone-Mediated Hematic/Hepatic Inflammation and DNA Damage in Oncorhynchus mykiss

Abstract

This study was arranged to assign the LC50 value and effects of metaflumizone (MFZ) in Oncorhynchus mykiss blood/liver tissue with a multibiomarker approach. In addition, the positive/negative responses of the colemanite (COL) substance for integrating therapeutic agents into aquaculture were also discussed. Hematology profile revealed that red blood cell (RBC), hemoglobin (Hgb), and hematocrit (Hct) decreased temporally as a result of MFZ application compared to the control group. When cortisol results were evaluated, it was determined that MFZ induced cortisol levels at 48th and 96th hours. It was noted that antioxidant enzyme activities were significantly inhibited in blood/liver tissue taken at 48th/96th hour samples of MFZ application. After MFZ exposure, malondialdehyde (MDA) and myeloperoxidase (MPO) values increased, and this situation was interpreted as statistically meaningful. Nuclear factor erythroid 2 level (Nrf-2) was inhibited depending on time when the administration and control groups were compared. In the MFZ + COL group, inhibition was found to be alleviated. In the 48th and 96th hour analyses of blood/liver tissue, it was determined that interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor alfa (TNF-α) values were induced in MFZ applied groups, and COL tried to inhibit this situation. MFZ application showed a significant increase in 8-OHdG content and caspase 3 level, which was statistically significant (p < 0.05) over time. COL (single and/or MFZ) suppressed the accumulation of 8-hidroksi-2′-deoksiguanozin (8-OHdG) and caspase-3 levels as treatment, resulting in similar results to the control group. However, COL administration showed attenuation of all parameters with respect to these MFZ-induced toxicities, possibly because of its free radical scavenging and anti-inflammatory features.