The Relationship between the Parent's and Teachers' Spiritual Intelligence and Happiness of Elementary School Students: Mediating Role of Students' Spiritual Well-Being

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to determine the mediating effect of school studentschr('39') spiritual well-being in the relationship of the spiritual intelligence of parents and teachers with the students’ happiness. The research was of descriptive-correlational design and its statistical population included all school students (male and female) in the fifth and sixth grade of elementary school in Shiraz city in the school year 2017-2018. The research sample was selected through systematic random sampling. The teachers and parents responded to Kingchr('39')s Spiritual Intelligence Self Report Inventory (2008) and the student responded to Spiritual Well-Being Questionnaire by Paloutzian and Ellison (1991) and Oxford Happiness Questionnaire (2002). The calculations demonstrated the reliability (Cronbachchr('39')s alpha) of the tools used. The research hypotheses were analyzed using SPSS 23 and AMOS22 software. The results showed that the effect of spiritual intelligence of teachers and parents on studentschr('39') spiritual well-being was significant. Also, the effect of spiritual intelligence of teachers and parents on students’ happiness was significant. The results showed that studentschr('39') spiritual well-being had a positive and significant effect on their happiness. The results of mediation analysis showed that the indirect effect of teacherchr('39')s spiritual intelligence on student happiness was significant. Moreover, the results indicated that the indirect effect of parentchr('39')s spiritual intelligence on student happiness was also significant. Finally, the findings indicated the effect of spirituality effective people such as teachers and parents on studentschr('39') spiritual well-being as well as their happiness and confirmed the need to pay attention to spirituality in life.