Graphene Quantum Dot-Enabled Nanocomposites as Luminescence- and Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering Biosensors

Abstract

Graphene quantum dots (GQDs) are a zero-dimensional (0D) carbon-based nanomaterial with a unique quantum confinement effect that have captured the eyes of many researchers. In addition to their luminescence properties, a high biocompatibility and large surface area have enabled GQDs to be used for many applications, and even be integrated with either organic or inorganic materials to produce GQD nanocomposites to enhance the application performances and broaden the application scope. In this review, we aim to highlight the exquisite properties and synthesis methods of GQDs, recent advances in the fabrication of GQD nanocomposites with both organic and inorganic materials, and their corresponding luminescence-based and surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS)-based biosensing applications. Finally, this review article concludes with a summary of current challenges and prospects.