Influential factors and dry deposition of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in atmospheric particles at an isolated Island (Pingtan Island) in Fujian Province, China

Abstract

To explore the polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) pollution characteristics of atmospheric particles, influential factors, and dry deposition fluxes, 28 PCB congeners were examined over a 2-year period in the environment of an isolated island in Fujian Province. In 2006 and 2007, PCB concentrations ranged from 1.12 to 87.32 pg m-3 and ND (not detected) to 44.93 pg m-3, respectively, and were predominantly highly-chlorinated PCBs. The levels were much lower than those from industrial, urban, and rural areas, but slightly higher than those found in coastal areas of Europe and in the ocean. Obvious seasonal variations were found in the PCB levels, with high levels appearing in the winter, whereas low levels appeared in the summer, which indicated a significant positive correlation with the atmospheric particle mass level. The distribution pattern of the PCB concentration was largely affected by the meteorological conditions and total organic carbon (TOC) levels. Moreover, air mass originating from Northern China may be responsible for the higher PCB levels over Pingtan Island during the winter, and tracing the source of atmospheric particles by the stable carbon isotope suggested that the PBC levels may be influenced by coal combustion during the "heating season" of Northern China. The total dry deposition flux of the 28 PCBs on Pingtan Island was 3.94 ng m-2 d-1 and 2.94 ng m-2 d-1 in 2006 and 2007, respectively, and the average yearly input to the adjacent waters was 7531.2 g y-1.