Rainfall-dependent influence of snowfall on species loss

Abstract

The response of plant diversity to increased snowfall, i.e., precipitation that falls in a solid state rather than a liquid state, is unclear. We investigated the potential effects of 12 year snowfall augmentation on species richness using coordinated distributed experiments, including ten sites across a rainfall gradient of 211-354 mm and spanning 440 km in length in the temperate steppe. Snowfall augmentation decreased species richness rather than enhancing it. Abiotic factor driven by soil pH was the dominant determinant affecting the variation in species richness under changing precipitation regimes, overriding biotic factor. The strongest reduction in species richness induced by snowfall augmentation occurred in the low-rainfall sites. Our study provides insights into the relationship between precipitation and biodiversity in arid and semiarid regions.