Differentiation Between the Low and High Trans-Stenotic Pressure Gradient in Patients With Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension Using 4D Flow MRI-Derived Hemodynamic Parameters

Abstract

Background: Trans-stenotic pressure gradient (TPG) measurement is essential for idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) patients with transverse sinus (TS) stenosis. Four-D flow MRI may provide a noninvasive imaging method for differentiation of IIH patients with different TPG. Purpose: To investigate the associations between 4D flow parameters and TPG, and to evaluate the diagnostic performance of 4D flow parameters in differentiating patients with high TPG (GroupHP) from low TPG (GroupLP). Study type: Prospective. Population: 31 IIH patients with TS stenosis (age, 38 ± 12 years; 23 females) and 5 healthy volunteers (age, 25 ± 1 years; 2 females). Field Strength/Sequence: 3T, 3D phase contrast MR venography, and gradient recalled echo 4D flow sequences. Assessment: Scan-rescan reproducibility of 4D flow parameters were performed. The correlation between TPG and flow parameters was analyzed. The netflow and velocity difference between inflow plane, outflow plane, and the stenosis plane were calculated and compared between GroupHP and GroupLP. Statistical Tests: Pearson's correlation or Spearman's rank correlation coefficient, Independent samples t-test or Wilcoxon rank-sum test, Intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC), Bland–Altman analyses, Receiver operating characteristic curves. A P value <0.05 was considered significant. Results: Significant correlations were found between TPG and netflow parameters including Favg,out-s, Favg,in-s, Fmax,out-s, and Fmax,in-s (r = 0.525–0.565). Significant differences were found in Favg,out-s, Fmax,out-s, Favg,in-s, and Fmax,in-s between GroupHP and GroupLP. Using the cut-off value of 2.19 mL/sec, the Favg,out-s showed good estimate performance in distinguishing GroupHP from GroupLP (AUC = 0.856). The ICC (ranged 0.905–0.948) and Bland–Altman plots indicated good scan-rescan reproducibility. Data Conclusions: 4D flow MRI derived flow parameters showed good correlations with TPG in IIH patients with TS stenosis. Netflow difference between outflow and stenosis location at TS shows the good performance in differentiating GroupHP and GroupLP cases. Level of Evidence: 2. Technical Efficacy: Stage 2.