The role of probiotics in breast milk jaundice: Results of a prospective study in a tertiary care center

Abstract

Background: Evidence for impact of breast milk and fecal microbial content on breast milk jaundice (BMJ) is accumulating. We studied the influence of bacterial content of breast milk and feces on BMJ and also the effects of probiotic supplementation on the course of jaundice. Methods: Seventy-seven BMJ patients and 35 healthy controls were enrolled. Breast milk and fecal samples were collected. Thirty-seven of BMJ patients received probiotics. Quantitative DNA was measured for six probiotic bacteria. Breast milk and fecal microbial concentrations, bilirubin levels, the decline in bilirubin levels, and weight gain were compared. Results: Breast milk concentrations of five probiotic species and fecal concentrations of three probiotic species were significantly lower in BMJ patients (p < 0.05). The probiotic treatment group had a higher weight gain and shorter duration of jaundice (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Lower amounts of probiotics in breast milk and feces suggest that probiotic supplementation may be a treatment option for BMJ.