Maxillofacial lesions in opiate addiction (scientific and literature review)

Abstract

Today, almost 200,000 drug addicts are registered in Ukraine. The incidence of dental diseases among them reaches 100 %.The type of drug used, the method of introducing the chemi-cal form into the body, persistent negligence and lack of interest in oral hygiene, late seeking for dental care contribute to the development of dental diseases. Drug addicts are characterized by multiple caries, which turns into complicated forms, damage to periodontal tissues, sclerosis and atrophy of bone tissue with its progressive destruction. Cheilitis, candidiasis, aphthous stomatitis, herpes and leukoplakia foci are found on the mucous membranes of the mouth and lips. On the background of immunosuppres-sion and sensitivity disorders, these phenomena have a prolonged course with subclinical symptoms, which leads to tooth decay, the development of osteomyelitis of the jaws, septic and necrotic com-plications. Treatment of these lesions is complicated by the degree of destruction, suppression of immunity and reparative processes, low patient compliance, distorted tolerance to anesthetics. Dental care for people with drug addiction is a multidisciplinary problem and requires the development of clinical protocols at the state level.