Vitamin K2 and bone quality

Abstract

Effects of vitamin K(2) (menatetrenone) and alendronate on bone mineral content and bone mechanical property in rats fed a low-magnesium diet. Recent clinical studies have shown that the occurrence of new fractures does not always depend on bone mineral density. Therefore bone quality has become an important issue in osteoporosis research. No animal model for evaluating bone quality has been established. In this study, we found that the treatment of rats with a low-magnesium (Mg) diet reduced their bone strength without decreasing bone mineral content (BMC), so the low Mg diet model is considered to be a good model for examining bone quality. Using this model, we investigated the effects of vitamin K(2) (V.K(2)) and alendronate (ALN). V.K(2) increased maximum load and elastic modulus without influencing BMC. ALN increased maximum load with increasing BMC. By using Fourier transform infrared microscopic analysis, the low-Mg diet treatment increased the mineral/matrix ratio of bones, and V.K(2) suppressed the increase in this ratio. These findings suggest that the mineral/matrix ratio may be a factor involved in bone quality, and that V.K(2) may improve bone quality.