Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Oral and Intravenous Omadacycline

Abstract

Oral and intravenous (IV) omadacycline formulations are approved in the United States for treating acute bacterial skin and skin structure infections and community-acquired bacterial pneumonia in adults. Oral omadacycline bioavailability is 34.5%; similar exposures are obtained following 300 mg oral and 100 mg IV doses. Oral administration should be in a fasted state, with dairy products, antacids, or multivitamins avoided for ≥4 hours after dosing. Low protein binding (21%), large volume of distribution (190 L), low systemic clearance (10 L/hour), and long elimination half-life (16-17 hours) support once-daily dosing. Omadacycline is excreted unchanged in feces (81.1%) and urine (14.4%), with low potential for drug-drug interactions. Dose adjustments are unnecessary for age, sex, and renal or hepatic impairment. Pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic studies identify fAUC0-24/MIC ratio as the parameter that correlates with in vivo efficacy. Systemic exposure of omadacycline in epithelial lining fluid is greater than/equal to plasma concentrations in healthy adults.