A Review on Blood Coagulation Factors

Abstract

This article is an analysis of the clotting factors. The coagulation cascade is a well-studied and pertinent topic that is crucial for health professionals to understand. Although this article does not cover the coagulation cascade and its role in hemostasis as a simple chain of events, a brief overview will be included. coagulation is a natural process that occurs to prevent bleeding vascular damage, but if this process is formed abnormally, various diseases can occur as a result of this disorder. More than 50 different substances that have an effect on blood coagulation have been found in blood and tissues, some of them are known as procoagulant substances and some of them are known as anticoagulant substances. Blood clotting or not depends on the balance between these two groups of substances. Normally, anticoagulants are dominant and blood does not coagulate, but when a vein ruptures, coagulants are activated in the area of damage and overwhelm the anticoagulants, and then a blood clot. A systematic search was conducted across several academic databases, including Google Scholar, PubMed, Science Direct, HighWire, MD Consult, and Scopus. Following a rigorous screening process, 19 relevant articles were selected for inclusion in this study. The findings demonstrate that coagulation factors a group of plasma proteins interact with platelets to promote hemostasis and blood clot formation. Among these, 13 essential coagulation factors have been identified, which undergo sequential activation and complex interactions to drive the coagulation cascade, ensuring effective clot formation at sites of vascular injury.