Analysis of Environmental Risk Factors on the Leptospirosis Disease in Klaten, Central Java, Indonesia

Abstract

Background: The number of cases and mortality rates of Leptospirosis incidences in Klaten Regency is increasing from year to year. The study aims to analyze the environmental risk factors toward Leptospirosis incidences in Klaten Regency, Central Java, Indonesia. Subjects and Method: This was a case-control study conducted in Klaten Regency, Central Java. The study sample was all Lepto-spirosis patients who were recorded in Klaten Health Office. The case population was a total of 39 people and the control population was a total of 171 people. The dependent variable was: Leptospirosis incidences and the independent variables were physical condition of the house, environmental condition of the settlement, the presence of mice, the presence of cattle, adjacent to a river, flooding area, age, sex category, and occupation. The study instruments used were questionnaires and checklist. The data were analyzed by path analysis. Results: The risk of Leptospirosis was directly increased by the presence of mice (b= 7.34; 95% CI= 4.44 to 10.24; p<0.001) and flooding area (b= 8.99; 95% CI= 5.02 to 12.96; p <0.001). The risk of Leptospirosis was directly decreased by age ≥20 to <60 years (b=-1.45;