In-vitro Analysis of Antioxidant, Anti-inflammatory, Antidiabetic and Antimicrobial Studies of Kaempferol Ethosomes

Abstract

Flavonoids have potent antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic and antimicrobial properties, and they generally report to have poor bioavailability and dissolution. This work emphasized on developing and characterizing kaempferol-loaded ethosomes and evaluating them for in-vitro assessments. The cold method was used for preparing kaempferol (KMP) ethosomes by means of soya lecithin, ethanol, and propylene glycol. The ethosomes were evaluated for vesicle size (253 ± 2.6), entrapment efficiency (91.05 ± 0.11%), zeta potential (-31.7 ± 1.12 mV), and drug release (89.91 ± 3.3%), compared with the release of pure drug (kaempferol), which was 48.96 ± 3.6% and showed an approximate double increment in the release rate. KMP ethosomes follow the Korsmeyer-Peppas model. The kaempferol ethosomes were further examined for their various in-vitro pharmacological activities as antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, and antioxidant in comparison with pure kaempferol. The results reported kaempferol loaded-ethosomes showed a strong anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antioxidant, and antidiabetic properties and thus, can be exploited as a viable drug delivery for various therapeutic applications.