Investigation of Transverse Relaxation Rate Distribution via Magnetic Resonance Imaging: Impact of Electrode Formation

Abstract

The impact of electrode formation is studied by the spatially and time-resolved distribution of transverse relaxation. In situ 7Li nuclear magnetic resonance experiments are performed on an experimental lithium-ion battery cell to study the impact of electrode passivation via imaging and transverse relaxation in the interelectrode volume. The electrolyte in the battery, using technically relevant electrode material, i.e., graphite and lithium–nickel–cobalt–manganese–oxide, is studied by 2D magnetic resonance imaging. The electrolyte is 1 mol L−1 lithium hexafluorophosphate dissolved in a binary mixture of ethylene carbonate and dimethyl carbonate. 1D profiles are acquired and related to 7Li concentration during passivation and during a constant current/constant voltage cycle. The transverse relaxation rate R2(z,t) measured by multiecho profiles revealed changes within the electrolyte volume. The ongoing process changes the relaxation distribution. Indications for a defective electrode passivation are deduced from the data. During one charging cycle with constant current/constant voltage, the lithium concentration is measured spatially resolved, and the data are modeled by the Nernst–Planck equation.