Effect of the different debonding strength of metal and ceramic brackets on the degree of enamel microcrack healing

Abstract

Objective: This studyaims to determine shear debonding strength of metal and ceramic brackets, and the degree of enamel crack healing. Material and Methods: Extracted human maxillary premolars were flattened on the buccal surface, and randomly separated into five groups (n = 15). In control groups (groups 1 and 2), metal and ceramic brackets were bonded on flat polished enamel, while in experimental groups (groups 3 and 4), metal and ceramic brackets were bonded on the surface with boundary where corner cracks were created. Additionally, fifteen specimens (group 5) were also prepared for an indentation procedure with no bracket installation. The degree of crack healing was measured. All brackets were detached with a universal testing machine, and the adhesive remnant index (ARI) was also identified. Healing degree and apparent fracture toughness were then calculated. Results: Between groups with similar bracket types, there was no statistically significant difference in debonding strength. Regarding bracket types, ceramic brackets provided significantly higher debonding strength than metal brackets. There was a significant difference in ARI scores between metal and ceramic brackets. The corner cracks showed signs of healing in both horizontal and vertical directions. No statistically significant difference in the healing rates among the groups was found and the apparent fracture toughness increased from the initial to the final measurement. Conclusions: Within the limitations of this study, even though ceramic brackets required significantly higher debonding force compared to metal brackets, debonding stress was limited to the bonding site and did not affect the surrounding cracks on enamel.