Intact pectin and its polygalacturonic acid regions have similar hypocholesterolemic properties in hybrid F1B hamsters

Abstract

We fed cholesterol-enriched (0.1% w/w) semipurified diets containing 3% of lemon pectin or 3% of the polygalacturonic acid regions fraction (smooth regions fraction) of the lemon pectin to hybrid F1B hamsters for a period of 8 weeks. A control group was fed cellulose and a positive control group was fed psyllium. The feeding of the semipurified diets resulted in an increase of plasma cholesterol levels in all the dietary groups when compared with initial values. The hamsters fed the psyllium, pectin, or the polygalacturonic acid regions fraction had significantly (P < 0.05) lower plasma cholesterol levels than the cellulose fed group throughout the experimental period. Plasma cholesterol levels in the hamsters fed the psyllium, pectin, or polygalacturonic acid regions fraction were not significantly different. Liver cholesterol concentrations were also lower in the hamsters fed the psyllium, pectin, or the polygalacturonic acid regions fraction than in the hamsters fed the cellulose, but this effect reached statistical significance only in the hamsters fed the polygalacturonic acid regions fraction. The results of these studies suggest that the polygalacturonic acid regions of the pectin molecule is responsible for the cholesterol-lowering properties of the pectin.