Etude ethnobotanique et phytochimique des plantes médicinales utilisées dans le traitement des maladies cardiovasculaires à Moundou (Tchad)

Abstract

Cardiovascular diseases constitute a major health problem in the world today. In fact, these diseases are pathologies that affect the heart and blood circulation. Among these diseases, the most recurrent are diabetics and hypertension. The main objective of this study was to contribute to the better knowledge of medicinal plants used for the treatment of diabetes and hypertension in Chad, also to carry out the phytochemical screening of some species requested. An ethnobotanic survey was carried out in 216 household in Moundou, West Logone. A total of 58 species, 55 genera and 27 families were identified among which 19 species treat diabetes, 17 hypertension and 22 used in combination to treat the two diseases. Fabaceae, Caesalpinoideae, Combretaceae and Euphorbiaceae were the highest represented families. All parts of plants are used. However, the leaves (27.32%), the barks of the trunk (16.82%) and the roots (14.76%) were parts that are highly needed. The decoction (62%), the maceration (23.66%) and the infusion (14.34%) were the most frequent methods of preparation. Phytochemical analysis of Sclerocarya birrea, Annona senegalensis, Detarium microcarpum, Cassia sieberiana, Momordica charantia and Phyllantus amarus indicated their richness in tannins, flavonoids, alkaloids and saponosides. These compounds are indicators elements justifying their usefulness in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases.