C1-C2 screw fixation in the patient with anomalous course of vertebral artery – a case report

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Abstract

Introduction. The atlantoaxial complex is a very complicated structure and open reduction of C1-C2 subluxation is very demanding. Atlantoaxial instability may result from the traumatic, inflammatory, neoplastic, congenital or degenerative disorders. Anatomy of the vertebral artery is essential for surgical approach and sometimes the placement of C2 pedicle screw is not possible. In these instances, the translaminar screw placement in C2 can provide an alternative fixation point in C2, without threatening injury to the vertebral artery. Case report. We presented 54- year-old patient with cervical myelopathy according to traumatic atlantoaxial subluxation. Computed tomography angiography showed a bilateral vertebral artery anomaly of “high-riding” type. The patient was operated and the posterior C1-C2 screws fixation was used. Due to the vertebral artery anomaly C2 screws were translaminary inserted. Complete reduction of C1-C2 subluxation and excellent neurological improvement were achieved. Conclusion. Surgical treatment of C1-C2 subluxation is very challenging. Many techniques of atlantoaxial fixation have been developed. The use of C2 translaminar screw is an alternative method of fixation in the treatment of atlantoaxial instability, especially in cases with the vertebral artery anomaly. Apstrakt Uvod. Atlantoaksijalni kompleks je veoma kompleksna anatomska struktura, a otvorena redukcija C1-C2 luksacije veoma je zahtevna procedura. Nestabilnost atlantoaksijalnog kompleksa može nastati kao posledica traumatskih, inflamatornih, neoplastičnih, kongenitalnih ili degenerativnih oboljenja. Poznavanje anatomije vertebralne arterije ključno je za obavljanje hirurgije u ovoj regiji, a transpedikularno plasiranje C2 šrafa ponekad nije moguće. U ovim situacijama, translaminarno plasiranje šrafova u C2 pršljen obezbeđuje alternativan način fiksacije, bez opasnosti od povrede vertebralne arterije. Prikaz bolesnika. Prikazan je bolesnik, star 54 godine, sa cervikalnom mijelopatijom kao posledicom traumatske atlantoaksijalne subluksacije. Kompjuterizovana tomografska angiografija pokazala je obostranu anomaliju vertebralne arterije “high-riding” tipa. Bolesnik je operisan, učinjena je C1-C2 zadnja stabilizacija šrafovima. Zbog anomalne pozicije vertebralne arterije šrafovi su plasirani u lamine C2 pršljena. Postignuta je odlična repozicija subluksacije kao i odličan neurološki oporavak bolesnika. Zaključak. Hirurški tretman C1-C2 luksacije predstavlja veliki izazov. Opisane su brojne hirurške tehnike u tretmanu atlantoaksijalne fiksacije. C2 translaminarno plasiranje šrafova je alternativna metoda stabilizacije u tretmanu atlantoaksijalne nestabilnosti, posebno u slučajevima anomalije vertebralne arterije.

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Ivetić, D., Pavličević, G., & Antić, B. (2019). C1-C2 screw fixation in the patient with anomalous course of vertebral artery – a case report. Vojnosanitetski Pregled, 76(5), 555–558. https://doi.org/10.2298/VSP160622143I

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