Povos tradicionais, áreas protegidas e turismo: Um estudo de caso brasileiro de 15 anos de mudança cultural

Abstract

For a long time, conservation initiatives considered the protection of nature and human progress to be mutually exclusive. As a result, many communities were displaced or treated as invaders and criminals of their ancestral territories. Consequently, an enormous cultural patrimony was lost. To prevent more cultural losses in Brazil, in the year 2000, the rights, knowledge and way of living of traditional people were legally recognized by the Federal Act 9.985 as important for the conservation of nature. Based on one case study - Martin de Sá (Rio de Janeiro, Brazil), which is inhabited by a traditional community, and where participatory observation was undertaken from 2000 to 2015 -, this paper showcases fifteen years of cultural change influenced by the implementation of protected areas and by tourism, so to analyse the reasons for success and failure, identifying strategies to increase cultural protection.