Impact of Conjunctive use of Oryza Sativa Nutrients on crop Growth, yield, and Fertility of soil in Helianthus Annuus Sequence

Abstract

To examine the impact of the conjunctive usage of Oryza sativa L. (rice) on Helianthus annuus (sunflower), a field study was conducted at the Experimental Farm of the Annalai University in 2017. Rice was fertilized by using the 75% of the recommended level of 120 kg of N/ha and was supplemented with 25% of N by implementing organic sources resulting in the removal of the nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) from the soil and yielded more seed (39.97q/ha) compared to the N application by using fertilizer only. The substitution of 25% N by the bulky organic manure of FYM and vermi-compost increased the total yield from 42.91 to 43.67 q/ha. When green leafy manures (Gliricidia and sunnhemp) replaced the 25% N, the yield was increased from 41.83 to 43.90 q/ha. However, the decrease from 75% to 50% in the level of fertilizers of the recommended level of 80, 50, and 30 kg/ha of NPK resulted in the reduced plant height, capitulum diameter, filled seeds/capitulim and seed yield of sunflower. The application of the 120 kg N/ha yielded 8.18N/ha of crop seed mean yield of the crop seed that was influenced by the residual nutrients to rice through the use of fertilizers. The application of 75% N through fertilizer and FYM or vermicomposting significantly increased the residual fertility of the nutrients of the sunflower seed yield to 9.23 and 9.14 q/ha, respectively. The sunflower seed yield also increased to 8.82 and 8.70 q/ha, due to the substitution of green leafy manures (Gliricidia and sunnhemp) to rice. The conjunctive source of fertilizer and organic manures used in rice in the rice–sunflower cropping system contained more N, P, and K compared to its initial values.