Evolution process, dynamic factors, and agglomeration models of intelligent industrial clusters in the Zhongguancun science park

Abstract

This study examined how high-tech parks promote the development of intelligent industrial clusters, and summarized the current research on the evolution and agglomeration of intelligent industrial clusters. First, the concept and classification of intelligent industrial clusters in hightech parks are defined based on the existing classification standards of the information industry. Second, the intelligent industrial clusters of the Zhongguancun Science Park and the evolution of the spatial layout and industrial growth were analyzed based on the statistical data from 2002 to 2016. Using the Porter classic diamond model as a theoretical framework, dynamic factors of the evolution process were analyzed, resulting in a diamond model of the subdivision dynamic factors for the evolution of the intelligent industrial clusters in the high- tech park. Third, the main agglomeration models of the intelligent industrial clusters in the Zhongguancun Science Park were refined based on the main dynamic factors. The main conclusions are as follows: 1) The evolution of intelligent industrial clusters of the Zhongguancun Science Park showed a coordinated development pattern of "one core and multiple parks" resulting from policy guidance and then natural overflow, radiating and aggregating from the core area of Haidian District to surrounding science parks, and gradually forming a coherent development into non- policy areas based on the production factors such as traffic and buildings between the science parks. 2) As the core area, Haidian District attracted various types of intelligent industries and, conversely, the other science parks have formed agglomeration advantage of specific types of intelligent industry. 3) The evolution of intelligent industry in the Zhongguancun Science Park was mainly affected by three factors—production factor, influence of government policy, and related and supporting industries. 4) There are three agglomeration models of intelligent industrial clusters of the Zhongguancun Science Park—production factor driven, industrial platform driven, and commercial real estate company driven.