Corrected higher order Laplacian for enhancement of pressure calculation by projection-based particle methods with applications in ocean engineering

Abstract

A corrected higher order Laplacian (CHL) scheme is proposed for enhancement of pressure calculation in projection-based particle methods. The CHL scheme is derived by meticulously taking divergence of a corrected SPH gradient model in a similar manner to derivation of higher order Laplacian (HL) scheme performed by Khayyer and Gotoh (Appl Ocean Res 32(1):124–131, 2010; Appl Ocean Res 37:120–126, 2012). Unlike the original SPH gradient model considered in derivation of HL, the (first-order) consistency of the corrected SPH gradient model is strictly guaranteed. The enhanced performance of CHL with respect to HL is shown by a set of numerical simulations corresponding to designed sinusoidal pressure oscillations, unperturbed/perturbed water jets impinging on a flat plate and a 2D diffusion problem. Hence, the CHL scheme is suggested to be applied in place of the HL one, especially for practical engineering applications including those encountered in ocean engineering.