High fat diet induces obesity, alters eating pattern and disrupts corticosterone circadian rhythms in female ICR mice

Abstract

Circadian, metabolic, and reproductive systems are inter-regulated. Excessive fatness and circadian disruption alter normal physiology and the endocrine milieu, including cortisol, the primary stress hormone. Our aim was to determine the effect feeding a high fat diet to female ICR mice had on diurnal feeding pattern, weight gain, body composition, hair corticosterone levels and circadian patterns of fecal corticosterone. Prepubertal (∼35d of age) ICR mice were assigned to control (CON; 10% fat) or high fat (HF; 60% fat) diet and fed for 4 wk to achieve obesity under 12h light and 12h of dark. Feed intake was measured twice daily to determine diurnal intake. Mice were weighed weekly. After 4 wk on diets hair was collected to measure corticosterone, crown-rump length was measured to calculate body mass index (BMI), and body composition was measured with EchoMRI to determine percent fat. HF mice weighed more (P<0.05) after week two, BMI and percent body fat was greater (P<0.05) in HF than CON at the end of wk 4. HF mice consumed more during the day (P<0.05) than CON mice after 1 week on diets. Hair corticosterone was higher in HF mice than in CON (P<0.05). Fecal circadian sampling over 48hr demonstrated that HF mice had elevated basal corticosterone, attenuated circadian rhythms, and a shift in amplitude. High fat feeding for diet induced obesity alters circadian eating pattern and corticosterone rhythms, indicating a need to consider the impact of circadian system disruption on reproductive competence.