Reconsidering Hormone Replacement Therapy: Current Insights on Utilisation in Premenopausal and Menopausal Women: An Overview

Abstract

Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) has been utilized in clinical practice for decades as a main therapeutic approach for mitigating menopausal symptoms. The symptoms mostly encompass vasomotor and genitourinary issues resulting from the deficiency of estrogen and progesterone. Initially identified as a universally advantageous and indispensable intervention, hormone replacement therapy subsequently became the subject of considerable scientific and clinical debate, especially after the publication of extensive epidemiological studies indicating potential adverse effects associated with cardiovascular and cancer risk. This study aims to reassess the role of HRT in clinical practice by analyzing its historical evolution, expanded clinical uses, and changes in guidelines necessitated by resent scientific studies. Current evidence from clinical studies and meta-analyses unequivocally demonstrates that hormone replacement therapy is the most efficacious treatment for vasomotor and urogenital symptoms, and also acknowledging its potential role in osteoporosis prevention. The administration of HRT requires careful individual assessment, considering the patient’s age, timing of initiation, existence of comorbidities. In this setting, therapy decisions have to be based on a combination of the most up-to-date clinical guidelines, risk stratification, and the patient’s preferences. In conclusion, the assessment of HRT confirms its primary role in reducing menopausal symptoms while also highlighting the imperative for a individual strategy that balances benefits and risks to improve outcomes for women.